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All posts for the month May, 2016

Following on from Part One
Autopilot
On the whole, Autopilot is amazing. I have used it as often as possible including circumstances where I previously hadn’t expected it to be useful.
For cruising along a quiet motorway it reduces fatigue by allowing the vehicle to handle the speed and line maintenance while your concentration is on other road users and journey planning.
On busy motorways the autopilot will constantly monitor the traffic around you and be ready to react to any and all hazards by having constant 360 degree vision. This is something the human simply cannot do.
On todays managed motorways, simply set and forget. You will not miss a speed limit change because you were watching the car behind you, let the Tesla do that and you adjust the cruise control speed to match the posted limit.
In stop start traffic on the motorway (or A-road) the level of frustration is greatly reduced as Tesla takes over and simply follows the car in front. The only caveat to that is Tesla is a mimicker. If the car in front is an idiot and accelerates hard then brakes hard rather than progressively then Tesla will copy. Increasing the distance to the car in front (set in car lengths by rotating the cruise stalk) can help but unfortunately this is where the follow feature is let down compared to the human who can see beyond the car in front. Likewise if the car in front fails to spot a queue ahead, when they brake heavy Tesla will react and you should be prepared to be thrown forward against your seatbelt.
On delivery of the car there was a software update to download OTA. Part of this update was an improvement to the autopilot in which it “will give greater clearance to adjacent moving vehicles than to fixed objects (e.g., barriers)”. However, It *feels* like when you overtake a truck that it prefers to be closer to the truck than the white line on the Drivers side which is the opposite of the release notes. Overtake_AutopilotIt could be complete rubbish and that it’s just tracking true where the natural tendency of a human driver would be to use the width of the lane to put distance between Tesla and truck but it does feel like you’re being sucked towards a big dangerous truck. I’ve got some on-board video that should allow me to work out if this is the case or not.
<edit> On reviewing the footage it looks like Tesla sticks to the middle of the lane, therefore it’s purely a driver and passenger perception that it is getting closer to the overtaken vehicle
Lane changing. In an earlier version of Autopilot I felt that lane changing was quite severe. More of a swerve than a gradual drift. This has been addressed, though I still think it’s too severe but there is an issue that the vehicle will tend to move to the far side of the lane it is entering before recovering to the centre of the lane. Again, this isn’t much of an issue but if you’re moving from lane 3 to lane 2 on the motorway while a truck (or any vehicle really) is in lane 1, it does feel like you’re going to drive straight into the vehicle in lane 1. It never happens but again it’s just feel when compared to a human driver.
In roadworks where the lanes are narrow, autopilot can be a real advantage. The cognitive load of trying to keep a wide vehicle in the narrower lanes is removed and you’re free to concentrate on the other dangers. Or, in slower traffic, worrying less about the journey and watching your fellow motorists become increasingly frustrated. The only observation, one that Emily made me aware of, is that our current tendency in the UK to have the hard shoulder closed off with metal barriers in roadworks does mean that the Tesla tends to wander left to right if you’re in lane 1 as it struggles to maintain a consistent middle between the white line and the intermittent metal barrier. It’s never an issue as such, it just leads to a somewhat less smooth journey. Stick to lane 2 or 3 and all is good.
Coming up behind slow moving vehicles. The long range radar is very good at not only spotting vehicles ahead but also their relative speed. There is a clear difference between coming up behind a vehicle doing 65mph and one doing 56mph. This makes sense as the vehicle will react earlier and reduce speed quicker when coming up behind a truck. The issue is that it’s unnaturally risk averse and several times I have been planning a lane change and the Tesla has slowed significantly preventing me from making a smooth change. At the same time, if the vehicle ahead is moving slow, when you initiate an autopilot lane change to overtake the Tesla’s built in acceleration can be caught out and it accelerates, brakes and then re-accelerates. Something that could be engineered in to prevent.
Tesla_Hill_ClimbIgnoring SatNav. Do this at your peril if using cruise control. There is a built in routine that will slow the vehicle down when exiting a motorway ramp. It knows you’re doing this because the sat nav is linked in and telling you to exit to follow the route. If you decide to ignore the sat nav, and let’s face it who doesn’t know better than the sat nav? then as you pass the exit ramp end point the Tesla will start to slow, even though you’re still on the main carriageway. This could be dangerous. It tends to only happen for a brief second until the sat nav has reacted to your journey change and you’re then accelerating back to cruising speed. Obviously, the faster you’re going when this occurs, the more it will brake and longer it will take to react.
Parked cars. One way in which the Tesla has made the commuting traffic easier is by using Autopilot in slow moving stop start traffic. Be this on the motorway or A-roads. However, if used on A-roads, beware of parked cars. Tesla will happily follow the car in front (cruise or cruise and steer enabled) but if the car in front moves over to pass a parked car, Tesla will see that as the vehicle ahead changing lanes and the parked car now becoming the one you are following. It will therefore apply the brakes to come to a rest either behind (autosteer) or diagonally to (cruise) the parked car. Just something to be aware of. I’m not sure how you would get around this as it is logically the correct course of action.
The App,
Like quite a few other vehicles on the market now, there is a mobile phone app to support various functions. Tesla_App_ScreenshotsThe app allows you to see the state of battery both static and while charging. Unlock and even start the car as well as vent the roof. It also allows you to flash the lights, useful to find the car in a car park and honk the horn, useful for, well, childish things I need not go into. You can adjust the charge limit (the point of charge at which charging will automatically stop and against which the estimated time remaining is calculated). You can also turn on the climate control and set the target temp. This is very useful in warm or cold weather. There is an automatic pre-conditioning feature built in to the Tesla that learns your regular patterns and tries to have the car climate ready for you. The remote turn on is a quick override and will allow you to rapidly cool or heat the car before you get to it. Oddly, the ability to turn on rear screen heater or front de-misters is not in the app but is available in the API that the app uses. It would also be useful to manually schedule the climate control. Again, something that is possible but not offered. Should you forget where your car is parked the app also allows you to locate and navigate to it. The App will now also allow you to ‘Summon’ your car to and from a parking space or garage. I took this video as demonstration, it also shows the perpendicular parking feature
Size.
The Model S is deceptively large. In car parks it’s hard to lose it as the nose will normally be stuck out from the line of other Euro-boxes. It’s wide too and when you’re parked between two other cars it can be a struggle to get in and out (and you worry about door dings). It does seat 4 adults very comfortably and with the flat floor a fifth adult should be equally accommodated. Tesla_Frunk_StorageThe luggage capacity is really impressive. It’s about the same as an e-class Mercedes Estate. The Frunk and additional rear under floor storage means that your day to day stuff is not using the main luggage space. The small suitcase I use for my week away with work fits easily in the frunk.
Back to the width, single track roads, canal bridges and narrow lane roadworks do need careful progress but it’s not intimidating and with the array of sensors it’s not hard to place the car away from hazards.
Niggles (and some potential fixes ):
The lighting in the Frunk and boot is woeful, Small LED lights that do not illuminate enough for me to see.
The interior design is an effort to de-clutter. I applaud this but the lack of a centre cubby or door pockets means that nothing can really be left in the car when it’s parked as it just ends up in the centre of the yacht floor and on display
As a business traveller, no coat hooks means my shirts and/or jacket have nowhere to hang
No 12v socket in the Frunk or boot. Nowhere to plug in a cool box or to run an inverter
Turning circle. I’m not sure why this is but the lock to lock on the front is quite small and makes the turning circle unnecessarily large. Now they have a dual motor I wonder if this was always going to be a driving factor. The rear-wheel drive versions, to my mind. should’ve had a greater steering lock designed in.
That beep. It’s a really small thing but the beep that issues from the tailgate when you press the close button is a) loud and b) quite harsh sounding. In a quiet cul-de-sac late at night when the car has really been brilliant at sneaking in at the end of a long trip I feel almost guilty about closing the boot in case it wakes someone up.
When listening to an audio-book over Bluetooth there must be some sort of Gracenote lookup going on for album art as, for instance, when listening to Chapter 18 of Into the Black I got this as the Album Art
Tesla_Niggle_Audiobook
Faults and Failures:
Sun roof stuck open on a particularly hot day. A quick phone call to the service team at Tesla and they pushed an OTA reset command. This didn’t initially work but after parking, locking and unlocking the vehicle some ten minutes later all came back to life (This was in a patchy 3G area so it could be that the remote command took time to get through)
Spotify crashed once to the point that nothing else would play and I had to reboot the main control unit. On other occasions I’ve had MP3 playback stutter and cause the right hand side of the main dashboard appear to restart and the main control unit run slowly
Other useful things:Tesla_Takes_A_Bath
The Frunk is quite well sealed and as such, putting shopping in there actually keeps it quite cool during a journey back from the supermarket (see niggle above though)
Finally, due to the aerodynamic design, it’s a pleasure to hand wash
A little under a year ago I had the good fortune to drive a Tesla Model S P85+ for a few days. The conclusion of the blog I wrote at that time was that using a Tesla as an everyday vehicle was viable.
Building on that I have recently had the opportunity to drive a 2015 Model S 85 for 4 weeks supplied by

Eden EV

IMG_9730
This model is a newer specification than the 2014 model I had before. All models benefit from Over The Air (OTA) software updates periodically but the 2015 model also had a number of hardware changes. Predominantly the addition of radar and additional cameras to support ‘Autopilot’ functions.This model has now been superseded and you can only now buy Dual Motor variants in the UK. This one being a rear drive only derivative. It’s also the least powerful in terms of performance. A mere 382 Rated hp and 325 lb-ft of torque means that the 0-60 time and top speed are 5.4s and 140mph respectively. By no means a slouch but on paper a fair reduction on the performance model originally tested. In reality I would say that the only time this reduced power is obvious is in hard launches from a standing start or very low speeds. Acceleration builds more progressively. This statement should be taken relatively though. With near instant torque delivery, the standard 85 is still blisteringly quick compared to pretty much everything else on the road and certainly compared to anything in the similarly sized 5-door sedan category. As one passenger said, “This ain’t no milk float!”
 
Cost of running
 Dash
2431 total miles driven
789.9 kWh total power used
average 325 Wh/mile
My range avg 262 miles based on a full 85kWh battery is pretty much bang on the EPA rated 265 miles.
The cost if domestic charged (i.e. at home) 100% of the time. £97.08 based on 12.29 pence per kWh ( British Gas, Standard tariff, Direct Debit rate for Yorkshire March 2016)
Which equates to 3.9 pence per mile. Tesla_at_Petrol_PumpTo put that in real terms a Diesel powered car would have to achieve more than 120 mpg to match that price and don’t forget that you don’t have to visit one of those nasty smelly petrol or diesel pumps
Reality though, is that I’ve only put about £12 of domestic electricity in, the rest coming from the free to use charging infrastructure. So the real price is 0.49 pence per mile. Even if it was double that for convenience charging at home it would be only £16.45 per month electricity costs to do 20,000 miles per year.
A 1.2 Nissan micra would be £232 per month in petrol to do the same mileage.
Supercharging
Tesla_Superchargers_UKThe Tesla  Supercharger network is increasing all the time but there has been a notable slow down in the number of new openings recently.
There are now 31 active Supercharger stations with a total of 112 available bays. These are free to use for the lifetime of the car and offer the fastest charging option available. Not all chargers are equal and I have found that some of the smaller 2 bay chargers are significantly slower than the larger ones. However, in all cases I have found them to be reliable and faster than any other option. Tesla_Mobile_OfficeI have queued to use one of the 2 bay chargers but only for a few minutes. I also encountered one Tesla Owner who’s model S was parked on the bay, fully charged for the full duration of my visit (25 minutes). On all occasions I am pleased to report that other owners have been pleasant to chat to if the opportunity arose and a lot of mutual vehicle appreciation. (The same cannot be said for Nissan Leaf owners but that’s a different story). I’ve often used the time taken to charge as an opportunity to use the Tesla as a mobile office.
The Speed of charge is interesting. On two occasions I have seen peaks of 300A at 360V which has seen 300+miles per hour. At the same time I saw both cooling vents in the front grille open and the cooling fans on full. I’m not sure what conditions allowed for such a high rate of charge or, more importantly, why this is a rare occurrence with the normal peak load being around 200A at 360V. I saw both the higher and lower rates of charge on subsequent visits to the same charger, same bay, only person using and similar initial capacity. On one of the higher charge rate occurrences I recorded the rate of charge over a 1 hour period. The initial charge rate was 312miles/hr but towards the end of the hour this had reduced to 112miles/hr as the battery was getting up and over 90% full. Still, the car was charged from 9% (22 miles range) to 91% (218 miles range) in 1 hour. That’s impressive.
Supercharger_Rate_of_Charge
CHAdeMO
The CHAdeMO connector available at the Ecotricity chargers (and others) is the proprietary connection for the Nissan Leaf and used by other manufacturers. As a DC supply it does not require the on-board Tesla chargers to convert from AC and can deliver a rated charge of up to 100A 400V. This gives a charging rate of around 100-110 miles per hour and compares the the AC charging at the same stations which tends to be around 60 miles per hour. The Tesla requires an adapter to used the CHAdeMO connector. I requested one of these be supplied with the vehicle and it does work. However at some chargers I’ve had the charging interrupted anything from one to ten times before charging then continued without issue. On one occasion I gave up and resorted to an AC charge. It *might* be that the lever type CHAdeMO connectors are more or alone in this issue. Not enough data to confirm. Nor can I establish if this is a Tesla, Tesla adapter or EcoCity network issue.
Home Charging.
One three occasions I have availed myself of the Tesla’s ability to consume Electricity from a standard 13Amp socket. One one of the occasions I even used a somewhat dubiously supplied property that had some considerable voltage fluctuations. I charged at between 6 and 10 amps at these locations and measured 6 miles per hour charge rate fairly consistently. This might seem slow but consider that an overnight 12 hour charge offers 72 miles of additional range and this will satisfy most people as a trickle charge option. This being the only charging option I have used that costs money, it was important to monitor and minimise these occasions. This is reflected in the figures above.
 
 In Part two of this blog post i’ll talk about Autopilot, The mobile app and some niggles and observations